Explosive-engine.



No. 658,367. Patented septjzs, |900. E. HAYNES & E. APPERso'N.

EXPLUSIVIE ENGINE.

(Application led July 19, 1897.) (No Model.) A 7 Shees--Sheet I.

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nl im imm" Il e "" m i i No. 658,367. Patented Sept. 25, |900.

E. HAYNES & E. APPERSON.

EXPLUSIVE ENGINE.

(Application led July 19, 1897.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 658,367. Patented sept. 25, |900. y

E. HAYNEs L E.y APPEnsoN.

' ExPLoslvE ENGINE.

(Appication led July 19|` 1897.)

7 sheets-sheet' 3.

(No Model.)

Nu. 658,367. Patented' Sept. A25, |900. E. HAAYNES & E. APPERSDN. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE. (Application md .my 19, m91.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

No. 658,367. Y Patented Sept. 25, |900.

E. HAYNES & E. APPERSUN.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

(Application filed July 19, 1897.) (No-Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

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No. 658,367. Patented Sept. 25, |900. E. HAYNES E. APPERSN.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE. v

(Application filed July 19, 1897.) (No Mudel.) 7 Sheets-Shed 6.

MMMMW /M t A No. 658,367.- Patenten sepnfz, 1900.

E. HAYNES a E. APPEnsoN. y Y

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

(Appnction med my 19, 1897.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

(No Model.)

PATENT OFFICE.

ELVOOD HAYNES AND ELMER APPERSON, OF KOKOMO, INDIANA.

ExPLoslvE-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 658,367, dated September 25, 190.

Application led July 19, 1897. Serial No. 645,144. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, ELWOOD HAYNES and ELMER APPERSON, of Kokomo, in the county of Howard and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Explosive-Engines and we do hereby declare that the following` is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying' drawings, and to the letio ters of reference marked thereon, which form place in every second or alternate rotation of the crank-shaft and in which the spent gases and products of combustion arising from the explosion of the charge are expelled in the succeeding stroke of the piston after each 2o power-stroke, a new supply or charge of explosive mixture being drawn into the cylinder in the stroke following the power-stroke, which charge is compressed in the next succeeding stroke at the end of which the explosion takes place.

The invention is herein shown as applied to a double-cylinder engine the pistons of which are connected with and actuate a common crank-shaft, the cylinders being arranged 3o end to end and the cranks disposed on opposite sides of the crank-shaft, so that the pistons in the cylinders are moved in opposite directions sim ultaneously,the operative parts of the engine being so arranged that an explo- 3 5 sion takes place at each rotation of the crankshaft and alternately in the two cylinders.

A compound gas-engine constructed in ac-l cordance with our invention is provided with a cenlrally-arranged air-cham ber which isin 4o communication with the other ends of the cylinders or those adjacent to each other and nearest the crank-shaft, so that the pistons act in their movement toward the crank-shaft to compress the air therein. A portion of the compressed airin the construction shown is discharged into the cylinder at the end of the charging stroke to become intermingled with the gases therein, and 4the air-pressure produced is used to operate a pump which 5o supplies the liquid fuel to the carbureting device of the engine. The mixture of gas and air from the carbnretiug device is del'for each two rotations of said shaft.

livered alternately to the opposite ends of the engine at each rotation ot' the crank-shaft and alternately to the two cylinders, the explosion in each cylinder taking place but once Said air-compressing chamber is provided with a positively-actuated valve which is so constructed and arranged as to be open and in position for air to enter the'chamber du ring the time the pistons are moving away from the crank-'shaft and is closed against the passage of air therethrough in the opposite strokes of said pistons. Said air-chamber is so connected with the cylinders that air therefrom under pressure will enter the cylinders at the limit of the explosion or power stroke of the pistons, so that the pressure within the cylinder at the beginning of the compressionstroke of the pistons will be equal to the pressure of the air within said chamber. Although shown as embodied in a compound gas-engine, nearly all the featu'res'ot' our invention may be equally well applied to a single-cylinder engine.

The invention consists inthe matters'hereinafter set forth, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings illustrating one embodiment of our invention, Figure l is a view in side elevation of a compound engine constructed in accordance with our invention. Fig. 2 is a top plan view thereof. Fig. 3 is a plan section of the engine, showing the pistons at the limit of their movement nearest the crank-shaft. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary detail view showing the ignition-chamber and supply and exhaust valves. in longitudinal section of the inner end of the cylinder with the piston therein adjacent to the open end thereof. tion of the cylinder and ignition-chamber,

taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 2, with the housing removed. Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the movable contact-lever of the ignition device. Fig. S is a cross-section of the cylinder and piston, taken on line 8 8 of Fig. 2. Fig, 9 shows a detail of the governing device. Flg.

10 is a vertical section of the carbureting device. Fig. ll is a view, partly in elevation Fig. 5 is a View Fig. 6 is a cross-seo- 'on the opposite sides of the` casing.

of said chamber removed. Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the pump for operating the carbureting dev-ice. Fig. 13 is a vertical section thereof, taken on line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is a detail View of one of the valves for controlling the outlet from said pump. Fig. 15 is a section taken on line 15 15 of Fig. 2. Fig. 16 is a detail view of the inner face of one of the side faces of the chamber forming a portion of the air-inlet valve. Fig. 17 is a view of the valve-plate removed. Fig. 18 is a View showing the manner of mounting said valve-plate. Fig. 19 is a plan View of the mechanism for operating the water-valve.

As shown in the drawings, A A designate the power-cylinders, which are arranged with their closed or power ends outermost and their open ends adjacent to each other and the crank-shaft D of the engine. Said cylinders are shown as arranged horizontally and as supported at their outer ends upon short standards or blocks A' and at their inner or adjacent ends by an intermediate casing C, which surrounds the cranks and rests upon the working floor. Said casin g is closed to form an air-chamber which is in communication with the open ends of the cylinders and is provided with removable side walls C', upon which are formed outwardly-extending bosses C2, which constitute the bearing for the crank-shaft D. Said crank-shaft is provided with two cranks D D', which are arranged oppositely upon the shaft or at an angle of one hundred and eighty degrees with relation to each other. Said cran k-shaft is also provided at one end thereof with the usual power-wheel D2, through which power is transmitted to the part to be driven. The casing C is shown as connected with the adjacent cylinders A by means of bolts c passing through flanges in said cylinders and into corresponding flan ges The cylinders A contain pistons E E, of hollow or trunk form, said pistons being connected with cranks D' D by means of pitmen or connecting-rods E E', which latter are connected with the pistons by'means of transverse bearing-pins e, attached to the walls of the pistoncylinder and extending across the hollowinterior thereof in the usual. manner. The cranks being arranged opposite each other upon the crankshaft D it will be obvious that the pistons E, attached thereto, will approach and recede from each othersimultaneously. It will also be seen that the pitmen E are connected with the cranks at laterally-separated points, and the cylinders will therefore be arranged with their axes out.

of `line with each other but in the same horizoutal plane.

The two cylinders A A are alike with respect to their details of construction, and in the following description of the parts immediately connected wit-h the cylinders and their mode of operation one cylinder only will be referred to.

In the construction herein shown the ignivpassage F into the cylinder. `chamber Vis also provided with an exhaust- L port F3, Fig. 4, through which the spent gases are discharged, said exhaust-port opening 1 into a main exhaust-pipe F9. explosive mixture to the cylinder through the valve-chamber f and port F2 leading to the 'ignition-chamber is controlled by means of a fvalve having the form of a checky'alve and mounted in said valve-cham ber f. Said valve is shown as consisting of a valve-disk F, which engages a seat in said chamber and is `provided with a stem F5, which passes ontiwardly through the wall of the chamber and lis acted upon by a spring f. normally holds the valve against its seat to preveut the escape of gas past the same from `the interior of the iguition-chamber and is opened at each alternate inward stroke of the piston under the vacuum created in the cyllinder at such -times to permit the inflow of the explosive mixture to the cylinder. part of the valve-chamber f outside of said Si valve-disk F4 is in open communication with ^`a supply-pipe G, which leads from a source of air and fuel supply hereinafter to be de- .adjacent to the closed or power end thereof by means of a passage F', Fig. 3, through `which the explosive mixture enters the cylinder and through which also the spent gases are discharged af-ter the explosion. Said ignition-chamber is provided with an inlet port or passage F2, which connects the same with a valve-chamber f, Figs. 3 and 4, located at Itheouter' side of the chamber, and through which the explosive mixture enters the ignition-chamber and thence passes through the Passage ofthe Said spring The scribed. The exhaustpassage F3 is adapted `to be closed by a positively-actuated valve, comprising a valve-disk F", which engages a seat on the inner face of the wall of the ignition-chamber. vThe valve-disk Fi is provided with an outwardly-extending stem F7, which passes through the wall of the exhaust-pipe F8 and is provided on the outer end thereof with a collar f3, between which and a shoulder on the adjacent wall of the jpipe is interposed a spring f2, which acts `to normally hold the valve against its seat. Said valve is opened topermit the exhaust ofspent lgases past the sameby being moved inwardly llagainst the action of the spring b2 during the expelling stroke of the pistou by positively-` actuated `means operated from the crank- :shaft of the engine, as will hereinafter more j fully appear. jacent to its open end and in position to be\ l uncovered by thepiston when at the limit of its power-stroke with an` auxiliary exhaust port or passage A, Fig. 5. sage is controlled Aby an outwardly-opening Said cylinderA is provided ad- Said port or pascheck-valve, consisting of a valve-disk A,

` which is mounted within a valve-chamber A4,

secured to the outer wall of the cylinder and The ignition IOO provided with a valve-stem A5, which passes outwardly through the wall of the chamber.

Said valve is held against its seat by means of a spring d, interposed between a shoulder a' upon the outer end of the valve-stem and an opposing shoulder on the adjacent wall of the valve chamber, and is adapted to be opened outwardly at the outer limit of the power-stroke by the pressure of the waste gases within the cylinder, thereby permitting the escape thereof until the pressure within the cylinder has been reduced to nearly that of the surrounding atmosphere, the excess of the pressure within the cylinder being equal to the strength of said spring a. Said valvechamber AAL is connected with the exhaust pipe or passage F8 by means of an intermediate chamber A6. Said cylinder A is provided in its outer or power end with a double wall, which forms a water-space A7V around the same, which space is continued around the ignition-chamber, as is more clearly shown in Fig. 6. Within said space a circulation of water or other cooling medium is established,

' by means of which the temperature of the cylinder and ignition-chamber is kept at a suitably low point in the usual manner.

As a means for supplying the air-chamber C with air the side plate C' of the chamber, opposite the power-wheel D2, is provided with an inlet opening or port C3, as clearly seen in Figs. ll, 15,16, and i7, said plate forming a valve-seat which is engaged by a rotating disk or valve-plate C4, mounted upon the crank-shaft D. Said valve-plate is operatively connected wit-h and is rotated by the crank-shaft conveniently through the medium of the adjacent crank-arm D@ In the present instance the valve-plate is mounted in a recess in the said plate C', so as to lie flush with the inner face thereof, and is provided with a segmental opening or port C5, which is adapted in the rotation of the plate to register with the port C3 in the side wall C ofthe chamber during a portion of each rotation, and thereby afford communication between the said air-chamber and the su rrounding air-space. Said port C5 is of such length and is so located upon the plate C1 with relation to the port C3 that they registerand will be in position to permit the passage of air therethrough during one-half the rotation of the crank-shaft to which the plate C*L is attached. The valve thus constructed is adapted to be opened during that half of the rotation of the crank-shaft during which the piston E is moving away therefrom, at which time a vacuum will be created in the chamber which will act to draw the air inwardly through said ports. On the return or power stroke of the pistons the valve will be closed, so that air drawn into the chamber in the opposite stroke will be compressed and delivered to the cylinders at the end of the power-stroke, as will hereinafter be described. In order to compensate for wear between the valve-plate C4 and its seat, said plate is adapted to have yielding engagement with said seat. As herein shown, the plate is provided with inwardly-extending pins or studs c', which have sliding engagement at their inner ends with apertures d in the adjacent crank D and serve to afford driving connection between the crank-arm and said disk. Springs c2 are mounted upon said studs c' between the plate C4 and the adjacent face of the crank, which act to hold said plate with a yielding pressure against its seat.

The means herein shown forsupplying the explosive mixture to the explosive-chamber are constructed as follows: H designates a carbureting device consisting of a valvechamber H, closed at both ends and provided adjacent to its upper end with a circular series of air-inlet openings 7L. Said casing is provided interiorly with an elongated valve casing or nozzle H2, which depends from the top wall of the valve-chamber H and is provided with an exit-opening at its lower end.

Within said casing H2 is mounted a conical valve-plug H3, adapted to t a valve-seat in the casing and to regulate the su pply of liquid fuel through said exit-opening. Said plug H3 has screw-threaded engagement with the casing H' and is operated by means of a handwheel h. The casing H is provided on its upper surface with a graduated dial (not shown) and the hand-wheel is provided with an indicator h5, by means of which the extent of the opening of said valve may be indicated and regulated as desired. Said casing is provided in its upper end with a passage H4, which opens into the upper end of the valvecasing H2, and said passage is connected with a supply-pipe I, leading from a convenient source ofliquid-hydrocarbon supply. Within the lower end of the valve-chamber H/ is mounted a spring-actuated valve-disk H5, which engages when at the upper limit of its movement with an annular downwardly-facing shoulder or seat h2 in the valve-chamber H and which forms an air-tight closure between the upper and lower ends of the casing. Said valve-disk also, when lifted, comes in contact with the lower end of the valve-casing H2 and closes the exit-opening therein, thereby preventing the flow of liquid Yhydrocarbon into the valve-chamber. To the valve-disk is attached a stem h3, which has sliding engagement at its lower end with a hollow boss H6 in the lower Wall of the chamber, and between the upper end of said boss and the disk is interposed a spring h4, which acts to hold the disk against its seat. To the lower end of said valve-casing and bellow said check-valve H5 is attached a pipe G', throughwhich the explosive mixture is delivered from said carburetor to the supply-pipe G, which opens at its opposite end into the valvechamber f of the ignitionchamber F, as before described. Liquid hydrocarbon is supplied through the pipe I to the carbureter under a pressure less than that required to overcome the force of the valvei op IIO

ISO

closing spring h4, and it enters the air-chamber H2 at a rate determined by the adjustment of the valve-plug H3 with relation to its seat in the valve-casing H2. The piston in its inward or charging stroke forms a vacuum in the cylinder and a corresponding airpressure upon the outer face of the valve H5 to open the said valve and permit the liquid hydrocarbon to iiow from the valve-chamber H2, said hydrocarbon being mingled with the air drawn into the chamber H' and being de'- livered in the form of vapor with said air into the cylinder.

As an additional feature of improvement we have shown as a means of supplying liquid hydrocarbon to the ca-rbureting device a diaphragm-pump J, which is operated from the compression chamber C. As herein shown, said pump comprises two circular l concavo-convex disks, which are secured together at their outer margins to form a pumpcasing having opposite convex walls. Said casing is provided in teriorly with a centrallyarranved dia hragm J made of thin brass or j anysuitable elastic material and which is held in place by being` secured between the meeting edges of the side walls of the pu mp. Communication is afforded between the compression-chamber C and the pump J by means of a short vertically-arranged connectingpipe J 2, which serves also to support it upon said compression-chamber. Upon the opposite side of the pump J is attached a hydrocarbon-supply pipe J3, by means of which said liquid is delivered into the interior of the pump from any convenient source of supply. (Not shown.) Theinlet-passage of the pump is provided with an inwardly-opening check-valvej,having the form of a ball-valve.

J 4 J 4 designate discharge-pipes attached to the same side of the pump as the supply-pipe J 3 and through which the liquid hydrocarbon is discharged to the carbureting devices of bot-h cylinders when the pump is operated. The said pipes J 4 are provided with outwardly-opening check-valves ji, similar to the valvej of the supply-pipe. Said pump J is operated by the pressure of the air upon the diaphragm from the chamber C. When the pistons E move away from the crank-shaft D, the vacuum caused thereby within the vchamber C acts to move the flexible diaphragm toward the opening of the air-pipe J9, which acts to draw into the opposite side of the pump through the supply-pipe J 3 aV charge of liquid hydrocarbon. Upon the return movement of the pistons the airis compressed within the chamber C, which acts to move the diaphragm to the side of the pump opposite the pipe J 2, and thereby force the liquid hydrocarbon therefrom through the dischargepipes J 4 toward the carbureters H, the pipe J 3 being at this time lclosed by the valve j. It

will be seen, therefore, that the liquid hydrocarbon is delivered under pressure from the pump to the carbureters at the time the valvedisk H5 is opened by the pressure of external rcentric-rods L2.

air thereon, so that the pump operates with the vacuum in the cylinders to produce the charge of explosive mixture and to deliver vthe same to the cylinder,

`tion thereof to turn the same, an explosion taking place once in each cylinder for every two rotations of the shaft. It follows therel fore that during the time the piston in one of 1 the cylinders is making its power-stroke after `an explosion the piston in the other cylinder will be acting to draw a fresh charge of the explosive mixture into said other cylinder and that when the movement of the piston within the first-mentioned cylinder is reversed to expel therefrom the spent gases or products of combustion the other piston will be acting to compress the charge preparatory to the ignition thereof for the next explosion.

Each exhaust-valve is adapted to be held' open by operati ve connections with the crankishaft after each power-stroke of the piston and during the time said piston is expelling the spent gases or products of combustion, -and said valve is disengaged from said operative connectionsand held in its closed position by its actuating-spring during the time the piston is compressing a fresh charge of gas.

The means for positively actuating the exhaustvalves to permit the escape of the spent gases from the cylinders are constructed as follows: L L designate eccentrics mounted upon the crank-shaft D, outside of the airchamber C. Said eccentrics are provided with the usual eccentric-straps L', to which are attached short oppositely-extending ec- Said eccentric-rods are attached at their outer ends to oscillatory actuating-rods M, which are mounted between their ends to slide in oscillatory bearingblocks M', which latter are mounted in outwardly-extending brackets M2,attached tothe adjacent walls of the cylinders A, as most clearly seen in Figs. 2 and 3. Said cylinders, as before stated, are arranged out of line with each other, but the connecting-passages F', between the same and the ignition-chambers, are of such relative lengths that the ignitionchambers stand opposite each other, so that the actuating-rods M are in the same vertical plane. Said eccentric-rods L2 and actuatingrods M constitute theoperative means `between the crank shaft and main exhaustvalves F6 of the cylinder by whichsaid valves are opened to permit the exhaust of spent gases from said cylinder. In Fig. l the eccentrics are shown at the backward limit of their movement, the pistons when the eccentrics are in this position being at the central part of `their stroke and moving toward the crank-shaft. In Figs. 2 and 3 said eccentrics are shown at halfstroke and the pistons at the ends of the cylinders nearest the crank-shaft, the outer ends ICO IIS

of the act uatin g-rods being just about to engage the outer end of the valve-stem F7, hclonging to the left-hand cylinder, the piston in that cylinder being about to begin its expeiling stroke. Said eccentricsL are arranged with their eccentricity opposite each other with relation to the crank-shaft D, so that they act to move the actuating-rods M outwardly and retract them simultaneously. As an explosion takes place in each cylinder but once duringevery two revolutions ot' the eccentrics npon the crank-sh aft and the rods M are cach engaged with the valve-stems F7 to hold open the valves F6 during the expelling stroke of the piston, said actuating-rods are oscillated upon their bearings, so as to be moved out of line with the valve-stems, and thereby pass the same without contact therewith at the alternate or compression strokes of the pistons. This is conveniently accomplished through the medium of arms M3, which are attached rigidly to the inner ends of the rods M- and which are directed inwardly and downwardly and are engaged at their inner ends with cams N, mounted upon a short shaft N', which is mounted in a bearing in the lower part of the side wall of the com pression-chainber. Said cams are herein shown as having the form of eccentrics, and when the arms M3 engage the portion thereof having the shortest radius the outer ends of the actuating-rods will be in their horizontal position or in a position to engage ends of the valve-stems F7. When the cam is turned so that the arm M3 engages the periphery thereof farthest from the shaft N, the outer end of the actuatingrod will be raised above the plane of the val vestem F7 and will not strike said stem in the outward reciprocation thereof. The eccentric portions of said cams are arranged opposite to each other upon the shaft, so that when one of the arms M3 engages the shortest portion of one of the cams and the actuating-rod ou the outer end thereof is in position to engage the adjacent exhaust-valve stem (the adjacent piston being in its outward stroke to expel the spent gases from the cylinder) the other actuating-rod will be in its raised position and will pass over the valve-stem when moved outwardly, at which time the adjacent piston will be making its compressionstroke. The shaft N/, upon which the cams N are mounted, is actuated from the main crank-shaft D, said shaft N being provided with a gear-wheel N2, which is engaged by a second gear-wheel D3, mounted upon the said shaft D. Said gear-wheels DS and N2 are so proportioned with relation to each other that the wheel N2 will rotate once during two rotations of the shaft D and the wheel D6, thereto attached. It follows, therefore, that each piston will make two strokes d uring each rotation of the cam. Each cam N will be so mounted upon the shaft N with relation to the crank-arms that the arms M3 will engage the portions of the cams having the shortest radius when the piston in the cylinder to which the same belongs is moving outwardly to expel the spent gases. lt follows that the outer ends of the actuating-rods M will be in a position to act upon and hold open the exhaust valve F6 during each expellingstroke of the piston and that said rod will be held out of line with the valve-stein and will fail to engage the same when the pistou is making its next outward or compression stroke. It will be noted by an inspection of Fig. 3 that the eccentrics L are mounted upon the shaft with their greatest ecoentricity at an angle of about ninety degrees from the cranks D of the shafts D, the result of this arrangement being that when the pistons E are at the limit of their movement in either direction the actuating-rods M, attached to the eccentrics, will be held in the middle of their stroke or in the position in which said actuating-rod, which is in its horizontal or operative position, has reached and is about to engage the inner end of the adjacent valvestem F7. Assumingthatthe piston, as shown at the left-hand side of said FigfS, has reached the end of its power-stroke and is on the point of moving away from the crank-shaft to expel the spent gases from the cylinder, it will be seen that the actuating-rod M will begin to act upon the valve-stem F7 of the valve-disk F6 to move it inwardly at the instant the piston begins its movement, thereby opening said valve for the passage of the spent gases therethrough. When the piston has reached the middle of its movement, the actuatingrod M will be at the outer limit of its movement and the valve F6 open to its greatest extent. As the piston E completes its stroke the actuating-rod M recedes, and when the piston has reached the limit of its movement the actuating-rod will cease to exert pressure upon the valve-stem and the valve will be in its closed position. This arrangement of the eccentrics L with relation to the cranks Dl permits the main exhaust-valves to be held open during the entire expelling-stroke of the piston, so that no power is spent to compress the gases during any portion of the stroke thereof. The next inward movement of the piston creates a vacuu min the cylinder, which the explosive mixture from the carbureting device, as before explained, it being understood that the spring j"2 of the exhaust-valve F6 will hold said valve against its seat during the charging stroke of the piston. The next succeeding movement of the piston acts to compress the mixture which has been drawn into the cylinder, the actuating-rod at this time being oscillated upwardly to pass over the valve-stem F7, and when the piston has reached the limit of its movement the ignition device, hereinafter to be described, will belactuated to ignite the gas and produce an explosion to force the piston inwardly.

The ignition device is electrical and is adapted to be operated from the crank-shaft ot the engine and is constructed as follows:

acts to open the inlet-valve F4 and to draw TOO ITO

The ignitionof the explosive mixture is effected by a circuit-breaking device, one of the electrodes being stationary within the ignition-chamber and the other being mounted so as to be brought into and moved out of contact therewith. As shown in said drawings, O, Fig. 6, designates the stationary electrode, the same consisting of a screw-plug, which is mounted in the side wall of the ignition-chamber and extends at its inner end a slight distance Within the chamber, and a sleeve O', mounted in the side wall of the chamber, with which said plug has screwthreaded engagement. The sleeve O is of less diameter than the opening in the chamber-wall through which it passes and is provided on its opposite end with shoulders o o', between which and the adjacent inner and outer faces of the chamber-wall are located insulating-washers o2 o3. Said washers also provide water and gas tight joints between the wall and sleeve, O2 designates the movable electrode, consisting of a bent arm attached to a rock-shaft O4, rotatively mounted in a sleeve O3, which has screw-th readed connection with the upper wall of the ignitionchamber, said arm being adapted for contact with the inner end of the stationary electrode O.4 Said rock-shaft extends at its upper end` through the upper wall of the ignition-chamber and is provided with a sleeve 04, which has rigid engagement therewith. Said sleeve is provided with an arm o5, by means of which the rock-shaft is turned in its bearing to bring the movable electrode in contact with the stationary electrode.v Said movable electrode is adapted to be normally held out of contact with the stationary electrode by means of two springpressed horizontally -arranged sliderods Q Q mounted in bearings in the top wall of said ignition-cham ber. Said bearings are herein shown as formed in or supported by the end walls of the chamber or housing P, which serves to cover and protect the upper end of the rock-shaft and adjacent working parts. Said rod Q has engagement at one end with the arm o5 and has sliding engagement at its opposite end with a guideaperture in the adjacent end wall of the chamber P, said aperture being in this instance formed in a screw-threaded plug P', inserted in a tube P2, which has screw-threaded connection with said w-all. The said rod Q is provided with a collar Q, between which and theinner end of the plug P is interposed a coiled expansion-sprin g Q', which acts against said collar to move the rod toward the arm o5 of the rock-shaft. The rod Q is mounted in the wall of the chamber P, opposite and in alinement with the rod Q, and engages at its inner end the arm o5. Said rod extends outwardly through the said chamber, having a sliding bearing-plug Ps mounted in the end of the wall of the chamber P. At its outer end said rod has bearing in a guide-bracket P4, mounted at its lower end upon the subjacent exhaust-pipe F' in any suitable manner. Said rod Q is provided outside of said bearing-plug P3 with a collar Q2, between which and the guide-bracket P4 is interposed a second expansion-spring Q3, which acts to move the rod end wise and inwardly and holds the collar Q2 against the plug P3. The collar Q2 is so mounted upon the rod Q as to permit the inner end of said rod to engage the arm o5 when the movable electrodeis in its retracted position. The spring Q3 is stronger than the spring Q', so that'normally the spring Q' will be held compressed and the movable electrode held out of contact with the stationary' spring Q' will act upon the rod Q to move it against said projection and to rotate the electrode O2 into contact with the stationary j electrode O. Upon releasing the rod Q' the spring Q3 acts thereon to move it inwardly against the arm o5'and to thereby retract said movable electrode, the shoulder Q2 limiting the inward movement of said rod. When the contact between theelectrodes 0 and O2 is broken, an electric spark will be produced, which will ignite the explosive mixture and cause an explosion in a familiar manner. The rod Q is provided cuits outer end with a collar Q4, which is adapted to be engaged with a moving part of the engine to withdraw the same to permit the rod Q to actuate the movable electrode O2intoeugagement with the stationary electrode O in the manner described, said operative connection being so arranged that the electrical connection between said electrodes will be broken at the time the adjacent piston reaches the limit of its compression-stroke, whereby an explosion will take place at the proper time to produce the power-stroke.

The ignition device described is herein shown as adapted to be actuated from the actuating-rod M of the valveactuating mechanism, devices for this purpose being constructed as follows: R designates a bracket mounted upon the actuating-rod M, adjacent to the outer end thereof. Said bracket is provided on its upperend with an outwardlyextending trip-rod R', which is rigidly mounted therein and extends parallel with the rod M to a point past the extremity thereof. Said rod is provided on its free end with, a collar R2, similar to the collar Q4 on the outer end of the rod Q. The trip-rod is so mounted upon the actuating-rod M with relation to the rod Q that when the actuating-rod is at the outer limit of its movement and in its upper position or that in which it is raised to pass over the valve-stem F7 the collar R2 on the end of the trip-rod R will be in position to engage the collar Q4 of the rod Q. Such engagement of the collars R2 and Q4 takes place when said rod is retracted in the rotation of the crank and operates to draw said rod outwardly, and thereby allow the mov- IOO IIO

able electrode to be moved into contact with the stationary electrode under the action of the spring q. When the rod Q' has been drawn outwardly the required distance, the cam N, engaging the arm 1W 3 on the inner end of the actuating-rod M, operates to depress the actuating-rod and connected trip-rod R', whereupon the latter is disengaged from the rod Q', which latter upon being released will be thrust suddenly inward under the action of its spring Q3 to throw the electrode O2 out of contact with the electrode O, and thereby produce the spark.

As a further and separate improvement we have provided means for cooling or reducing the temperature of the walls of the cylinder after the end of the power-stroke and after the piston has uncovered the auxiliary port A9, the same embracing devices by vwhich water is discharged into the cylinder through said port. The water so introduced vaporizes and absorbs a portion of the heat of the walls of said cylinder, therebygreatly aiding in the cooling of the same. For this purpose the cylinder is provided on its upper side, adjacent to the open en d thereof, with an airpassage A8, which is in open communication with the air-compression chamber C and is connected with the interior of the cylinder by an inwardly-extending port A9, the port heilig in position to be uncovered when the pistou reaches the end of its power-stroke and shortly after the auxiliary eXhaustport A2 has been uncovered and the pressure of the spent gases within the cylinder to a great extent relieved. Said passage A8 is also in communication with a source of water-supply, which is arranged to discharge water into the passage before the piston reaches the limit of its power-stroke. As soon as the port is opened the air from the compression-chamber rushes through said passage and carries into the cylinder the water therein, such water being thrown in the form of spray upon the inner walls of the cylinders. As a preferable means of supplying water to said passage we have provided a second diaphragmpump K, which is shown as mounted upon the pressurechamber C, adjacent to the pump J of the carbureting device. Said pump K is constructed and operates like the pump J and is in communication with the air-chamber C by means of a short connecting-pipe K', which also serves as a support for said pump. Said pump K is provided with a water-supply pipe K2, which leads from a source of water-supply (not shown) and which is attached to the pump on the side thereof opposite to the pipe K'. Said pump is also provided with two discharge-pipes K3, which lead from the same side thereof to which the supply-pipe Kgis attached and extend in opposite directions toward the cylinders A. Said discharge-rapes are connected at their ends with valve-chambers K, mounted upon the opposite cylinders A and in communication with the passage A8\. Said valve K4 is shown in detail in Fig. 5 of the drawings and consists of a valve-chamber 7c, provided at its lower end with a screw-threaded nipple Zt',

which is engaged with a screw-threaded aperture in the wall of the cylinder and by means of which the interior of the chamber is connected with the passage A8. Said chamber is provided with a valve, in the form of a check-valve, which opens toward the cylinder and has a valve-disk k2, which engages a seat formed in the chamber between the water-pipe K3 and the nipple 7c'. Said valve is provided with a stem 7a3, which extends through the wall of the valve-casing and around which is placed a spring 7a4, acting expansively upon the valvedisk to hold the latter against its seat, said spring bein-g located between the said disk and a shoulder on the interior of the chamber, herein shown as formed on the inner end wall thereof. Said valve-stein lcsis provided at its outer end with v a head or collar k, which is adapted to be engaged bya moving part of the engine to operate the valve by drawing the disk away from its seat, as will hereinafter be described. Said pump K is operated to force the water through the pipe K3 by compression of air Within the chamber O when the pistons are moving toward the crank-shaft; but the pressure afforded by the pump is less than that required to open the valve against the action of its closing-spring, said valve being opened by the positively-actuated devices hereinafter described. The movement of the said valve with relation to the movement of the pistons within the cylinder b v its operating mechanism will be so timed that the valve will be open to permit the passage of water therethrough under the pressure afforded by the supply-pump before the piston uncovers the port A9 of the passage A8. Vith this construction it follows that the current of air will take up the water within the passageAS and discharge it into the cylinderin the form of a fine spray, which will act by its evaporation to cool the walls of the cylinder.

The devices for actuating the valve 762, by which the water is admitted to the passage As of the cylinder, are constructed as follows: S designates a vertically-arranged rocking lever pivoted between its ends upon a bracket S', mounted upon the adjacent Walls of the cylinder A. A second horizontally-arranged lever S2 pivotally engages at one end the upper end of said lever S and is pivot-ally mounted between its ends upon a bracket or standard S3, attached to the adjacent cylinder-wall. Said lever S2 engages at its free end the collar 765 of the valve-stein k3, and when rocked upon its pivot moves said valvestem outwardly and the valve k2 away from its seat to permit the water from the pump K to pass through the valve into the passage A8. rlhe lower end of the rocking lever S is provided with a bent end portion S, which is directed horizontally outward toward the actuating-rod M and is adapted to be engaged- IIS ` by tappet-shoulders m on said rod, by means of which the lever is rocked and the valve thereby opened. The tappet-shoulders m will be so mounted upon the actuating-rod M as to engage the lever S before the piston E uncovers the port A of the passage A8, thereby admitting water into said passage from the pump K before the piston reaches the limit of its stroke. It will be understood that the bent end portion S4 of the lever S will be so arranged with relation to the tappet-shoulders m of the rod M that said tappet-surface will be raised out of position for contact with the lever in each alternate or charging stroke of the piston, at which time it is not desired to inject water into the cylinder.

The engine herein shown and described is governed by lneans of a centrifugal governor mounted in the power-wheel D2, operative connections beingarranged between said governor and the exhaust-valve of the engine, whereby when said engine develops an abnormal speed the governing device will act to hold the exhaust-valves open and to thereby permit the iniiow of air through the exhaustport and cut od the supply of explosive mixture through the inlet-port until the speed of the engine is reduced. As herein shown, said governing device comprises two bellcrank levers T, pivoted at their angles to lugs d upon the power-wheel. The inner or short arms of said levers are pivotally engaged with other levers T', which latter levers are pivoted between their ends to integral bearinglugs d2, formed upon the adjacent inner face of the wheel. Said levers T' engage at their ends an annular slot u in a sliding sleeve or collar U, mounted upon the crank-shaft D, just inside the power-wheel D2. The outer ends of the bell-crank levers T are provided with weights T3, and said weights are held normally from outward movement by a spiral compression-spring T4. From this construction it follows that when the power-wheel D2 revolves at a greater than a predetermined speed the centrifugal force generated thereby will throw the weights outwardly, and the latter will act through the levers T and T to move the .sleeve U inwardly upon the shaft D and away from the power-Wheel D2. Said sleeve U is provided adjacent to its outer end with a second annular groove u', which is engaged by the downwardly-extending outer end of a horizontally-arranged slide-barV, said slide-bar having sliding connection with a bracket W, secured upon the adjacent side face of the compression -chamber C. The slide-bar is conveniently provided with a slot o, which is engaged by a pin w in the said bracket W. The inner end of said bar V is directed downwardly and is engaged with the inner ends of two horizontal levers V V2, mounted to oscillate in horizontal planes. Said levers are ,pivoted between their ends upon short outwardly-projecting standards, c3, mounted upon the adjacent side face of the Acompression-chamber C, and extend at their outer ends adjacent to the collars]E3 of the valve-stems F7. When the sleeve or collar U moves inwardly, it will shift the slide-bar inwardly upon the bracket, and thereby carry the innerends of the levers connected thereto toward the compression-chamber and at the same time carry the outer ends of the said levers towardthe valve-stems F7. Said levers are provided on their outer ends with laterally-extending bent end portions 'u o,

which are adapted to engage the collars f 3 of the valve-stems Fwhen the outer ends of the levers are moved toward the said stems. The outer ends of said levers fu 'u' stand in rear of the collars f3 on the inner ends of the valvestems F7, so that if the levers be moved inwardly while the exhaust-valve is open the bent end portions 'o o thereof will act upon the collars to prevent the closing of the valve until the speed of the engine shall have been suitably reduced. The spring T acts to retract the weights and through the levers to move the sleeve U inwardly, and thereby oscillate the levers V out of contact with' the collars f3 after the speed of the engine has become normal.

Most of the features herein shown and described as applied to a double engine may be used as well on an engine having a single cylinder, and we therefore desire to claim our improvements when applied to engines having one cylinder or a plurality of cylinders.

We claim as our invention- 1. The combination with an air-chamber and crank-shaft, of an air-admission valve comprising a rotating disk in contact with the wall of the chamber, said disk and wallbeing provided with coacting ports, driving connection between the shaft and disk adapted to aiord movement of the disk toward and from its seat, and springs acting to hold the disk in contact with its seat, said driving connections consisting of pins in the disk, a part attached to the shaft with which said pins have sliding engagement and springs mounted on said pins and acting expansively on the disk.

2. An explosive-engine comprisingacrankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve controlling the exhaust from the cylinder, and a valveactuating device comprising an actuating-rod which is driven from the crank-shaft and has both an endwise-recprocating and oscillatory movement, one end of said rod being laterally movable into and out of position to strike and move a part connected with the valve, and being adapted for contact therewith at each alternate rotation of the crank-shaft.

3, An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve controlling the exhaust from the cylinder, and means for actuating the said valve comprising an actuating-rod, an eccentric giving endwise movement to said rod and a cam giving oscillatory movement to said rod, one end of the said actuating-rod being movable laterally into TOO and out of position to strike and move apart connected with the valve and being adapted for contact with said part at alternate rotations of the crank-shaft.

4. An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve controlling the exhaust from the cylinder, said valve being moved in one direction by a spring, and means for actuating said valve comprising an actuating-rod which is driven from the crank-shaft and has both an endwlse-reciprocating and oscillatory movement, and a part connected with the valve which is adapted to be acted upon by said rod, one end of said rod being movable laterally into and out of position to strike said part connected with the valve and being adapted to engage and move the latter against the action of said spring at each alternate rotation of the crankshaft.

5. An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft,-a power-cylinder, a valve controlling the exhaust from the cylinder, and means for actuating the said valve comprising an actuating-rod movable laterally at one end into and out of position for operating the valve,

' means giving endwise movement to said rod,

and a revolving cam giving oscillatory movement to said rod, said cam being driven from the crank-shaft by gearing which turns the cam once for each two rotations ofthe crankshaft.

6. An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve which controls the exhaust from the cylinder and is moved in one direction by a spring, and means for actuating said valve comprising an actuating-rod, means for giving endwise movem-ent to the rod, and a revolving cam giving oscillatory movement to the rod, said cam being driven from the shaft by gearing which turns the cam once to each two rotations of the shaft, one end of said rod being movable laterally into and out of position to strike a part connected with the valve and being adapted to engage and move the same against the action of said spring.

7. An explosive-engine comprisinga crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve controlling the exhaust from the cylinder, an ignition device and means for operating the said valve and ignition device comprising an actuatingrod which is driven from the crank-shaft and has both an endwise-reciprocatory andan oscillatory movement, said rod acting upon the said valve and ignition device alternately at successive rotations of the crank-shaft.

8. An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve controlling the exhaust from the cylinder, an ignition device, and means for actuating said valve and ignition device comprising an actuatingrod, means giving endwise movement to the rod, a rotating cam giving oscillatory movement to the said rod, gear connections between the crank-shaft and cam by which the cam is turned once for each two rotations of the shaft, and said actuating-rod being constructed to act upon and actuate the valve and ignition device alternately at successive rotations of the shaft.

9. An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve which controls the exhaust from the cylinder, an ignition device and means for actuating the said valve and the ignition device comprising an actuating-rod which has both endwise and oscillatory movement, an eccentric for giving endwise movement to said rod, a cam actuated from the crank-shaft for giving oscillatory movement to said rod, and an arm or projection attached to the operating-rod and acting on the ignition device at a time when the actuating-rod is out of position for engagement with the valve. j

11. An explosive-engine comprising acrankshaft provided with two oppositely-extending cranks, two power-cylinders located at opposite sides of the crank-shaft, the pistons of which are severally connected with said cranks, said cylinders being provided with IOO valved exhaust-ports, and means for actuating the exhaust-port valves comprising actuating-rods adapted to act upon the. movable parts of said valves and which have both an endwise-reciprocating and oscillatory movement, and the free ends of which are movable laterally into and out of position for engagementwith the valve, eccentrics connected with said rods for giving endwise movement to the latter, and cams which operate upon said rods to give oscillatory movement to the same, said eccentrics being mounted on a shaft which is connected with the crank-shaft by gearing which turns the cams once 'for every two rotations of the crank-shaft.

12. The combination with a power-cylinder and crank-shaft of a valve-actuating device comprising an endwise-sliding actuating-rod, a pivoted bearing-block provided with a bearing-aperture for said rod and affording oscillatory movement to the same, and means for giving a combined endwise-reciprocating and oscillatory movement to said rod.

13. The combination with a power-cylinder and crank-shaft of a valve-actuating mechanism comprising an endwise-reciprocating and oscillatory actuating-rod, the free end of which is movable laterally into and out of position for actuating the valve, an eccentric IIO driven from the crank-shaft and acts upon the said rod to give oscillatory movement thereto.

14. An explosive-enginecomprisingacrankshaft provided with two oppositely=extendin g cranks, two power-cylinders located at opposite sides of the crank-shaft, the pistons of which are severally connected with said cranks, said cylinders being provided with valved exhaust-ports and with ignition devices, valve-rods adapted to operate both exhaust-valves and the ignition device, said valve-rods having endwise-reciprocatory motion and oscillatory motion in a direction to bring them into engagement either with the exhaustvalves or igniting devices, eccentrics on the crank-shaft giving reciprocatory motion to the operating-rods and cams which act upon said rods to give oscillatory movement thereto, said cams being operated from the crank-shaft by gearing which revolves the cams once for each two rotations of the crankshaft.

15. An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve which controls the exhaust from the cylinder, said valve having a stem which projects outside of the valve-casing and which is held closed by a spring, an actuating-rod having both endwise and oscillatorymovement and the end of which is movable laterally into and out of position for contact with the valve-stem, an eccentric mounted on the crank-shaft for giving endwise movement to said actuating-rod and a cam operated from thecrank-shaft and giving oscillatory movement to said rod,` whereby its end which makes contact with` the valve-stem is moved out of the path of the same at every alternate revolution or' the y crankshaft.

16. An explosive-engine comprising a crankshaft, a power-cylinder, a valve which controls the exhaust from the cylinder, said valve being provided with a stem that extends outside of the valve-casing, and a spring which holds the valve in its closed position `and said cylinder being provided also with an ignition device operated by a stem which is moved in one direction by a spring, an actuating-rod having both an endwise-reciprocating andan oscillatory movement, said rod being adapted for contact with the valve-stem of the eX- haust-valve and having a laterally-disposed part adapted to engage and actuate the stem of the ignition device, an eccentricV on the 4 crank shaft giving end wise reciprocatory movement to the actuating-.rod and a revolving cam which acts on said rod to give oscillatory movement thereto.

-17 The combination with a power-cylinder and an air-chamber whichis in communication with the cylinder and is provided with a port through which air passes from the chamber to the cylinder, of means for supplying water to said port comprising a pump which is operated by pressure of air from the said chamber.

18. The combination with a power-cylinder and an air-chamber in which air is compressed in the outward stroke of the piston in the cylinder, said chamber being connected with the cylinder by a port which is uncovered by the piston at the outer limit of its stroke of a pump supplying water to said port, said pump being operated by air-pressure from the air-chamber.

19. The combination with a power-cylinder and an air-chamber in which the air is compressed in the outward movement of the piston within the cylinder, said air-chamber being connected with the cylinderby a port,

`of means for controlling the passage of air through said port, and means for supplying Water to said port comprising a diaphragmpump which is operated by pressure of air from said air-chamber, a water-passage provided With a valve, and means operated by the crank-shaft for intermittingly operating said valve.

20. The combination with a power-cylinder and an air-chamber in which air is compressed at each outward stroke of the piston, said airchamber being connected with the cylinder by a port which is uncovered by the piston at the limit of its outward stroke, of a pump supplying water to said port, a valve controlling the passage of water to said port and means operated from the crankshaft of the engine for controlling the said valve.

21. The combination with a power-cylinder and an air-chamber in which air is compressed at each outward stroke of the piston, said airchamber being connected with the cylinder by a port which is uncovered by the piston at the limit of its outward stroke, of a pump supplying water to said port, a valve con trolling the passage of water to said port, `and means operated from the crank-shaft of the engine for controlling the said valve, comprising an endwise-reciprocating and oscillating actuating-rod, which acts upon the valve at alternate rotations of the crank-shaft, and a spring acting on said valve in opposition to said actuating-rod.

22. An explosive-engine com risingacrankshaft, a power-cylinder, a va Ve which controls the exhaust from the cylinder, a passage supplying Water to the cylinder, a valve controlling said passage which is normally held closed by a spring, and means for actuating said valves comprising an endwise-reciprocating and oscillatory actuating rod adapted tovact upon the exhaust-valve and provided with a tappeti-shoulder for actuating the water-supply valve.

23. An explosiveenginecom risin acl-ankshaft, a power-cylinder, a. va ve `w ich con-` trols the `exhaust from the cylinder, a passage supplying water tothe cylinder, a valve controlling said passage which is normally held closed by a spring, and means for actuating said valves comprising an endwise-re- IOO 'ciprocating and oscillatory actuating rod adapted to act upon the exhaust-valve and provided with a tappet-shoulder -for actuating the water-supply valve, and operative connections for actuating the water-supply valve from said tappet-shoulder of the actuating-rod.

24E. An explosive=engine comprising a powercylinder, a crank-shaft, an air-chamber in which air is compressed in the outward stroke of the piston, means for supplying the explosive mixture to the cylinder, a valve for the exhaust-port, means for actuating the valve of the exhaust-port, said cylinder' being provided with a port leading Jfrom the air-chamber and which is uncovered by the piston at the outer limit of its stroke and having also an auxiliary exhaust-'port also uncovered by the piston when near the outer limit of its stroke and provided with an outwardly-opening, spring-actuated, check-valve.

25. In an explosive-engine having a crankshaft and a rotary valve upon said shaft, the combination therewith of means for driving said valve, as driving-pins, set in the crank of said shaft and said valve and means for holding said valve against its seat,l said means consisting of springs surrounding said pins and bearing against said crank and valve.

In testimony thatwe claim the foregoing as our invention we afx our signatures in pres# ence of two witnesses, this 15th day of J uly, A. D. 1897.

ELWOOD HAYNES.y ELMER APPERSON. Witnesses:

J. FENIMORE COOPER, FREEMAN COOPER. 

